Consider the effects of toxicity on representative

Consider the effects of toxicity on representative members from three domains

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For the Module 4 SLP, you will build on your understanding of the structure of DNA, genetics, and inheritance by exploring some applied genetic engineering techniques. You will review the three papers you have read on the Deepwater Horizon Spill:

1. Biello D (2010). Clean Up the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Scientific America: May 25, 2010.
2. Urakawa, H., Garcia, Juan C., Barreto, Patricia D., Molina, Gabriela A., Barreto, Jose C. (2012). A sensitive crude oil bioassay indicates that oil spills potentially induce a change of major nitrifying prokaryotes from the Archaea to the Bacteria. Environmental Pollution. 164:42-45.
3. Byrd D (2014). How oil spill chemicals cause heart failure in fish. EarthSky Feb 18, 2014.

and consider the effects of toxicity on representative members from three domains:

• Archaea – Nitrosopumilus maritimus
• Bacteria – Nitrosococcus oceani
• Eukarya – Thunnus thynnus (Atlantic Bluefin Tuna)

In order to make connections between the results found in these studies, assess the damage caused by the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and move forward in your analysis on how best to remediate the spill.

After analyzing these studies in various assignments in the previous modules, you will now prepare a document for your Shoreline Assessment Team that describes your first interpretation of the data and discusses one approach to remediation that involves genetic engineering.

View these resources to complete this assignment:

• Scientific American Instant Egghead Video: Can Microbes clean Up Our Oily Mess?
• Interview with Professor Barbara Block on BBC News: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26184116
• Tutorials on Genetic Engineering
• Making a Recombinant Plasmid: http://plantandsoil.unl.edu/pages/animation.php?a=making_a_recombinant_plasmid.swf&b=1003514583
• Bacteria Transformation: http://plantandsoil.unl.edu/pages/animation.php?a=Bacteria_Transformation.swf&b=1003514686

Assignment

Prepare a 3-4 page document that outlines your analysis of the effects of the Deepwater Spill on study species in the Gulf of Mexico. In your report include:

Part I – Influence of Crude Oil on Nitrosopumilus maritimus and Nitrosococcus oceani

1. Which species appeared to be affected by crude oil assays in the Urakawa et al (2012) study? How were they affected in the study?
2. Based on what you know about the metabolism of the organisms, which species was more likely to have been successful in an environment with abundant hydrocarbons?

Part II – Influence of Crude Oil on Thunnus thynnus (Atlantic Bluefin Tuna)

1. Provide an overview of the documented effects of crude oil on Thunnus thynnus.
2. What stage of development is affected and how could this affect the population?
3. What economic impact would this have on the area?
4. What is a "highly conserved gene?" What relationship do these results have to the effects of hydrocarbons on humans?

Part III – Recommendations for Remediation

Do you recommend genetically engineering a prokaryote to remediate this spill? In your assessment, provide reasons for BOTH why and why not this would be a good approach, and describe which genes would need to be targeted and which species would be better suited to be transformed – Nitrosopumilus maritimus or Nitrosococcus oceani.