Stem Cells: Introduction, Misconceptions, Therapeu

Stem Cells: Introduction, Misconceptions, Therapeutic Application, and Cancer Formation

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Stem Cells: Introduction, Misconceptions, Therapeutic Application, and Cancer Formation

• Abstract:
  • Very quick summary. Include the 4 main points!
• Introduction:
  • Brief history of stem cells.
  • Introduce the misconceptions.
  • Talk about the therapeutic potential.
  • Relate stem cells to cancer.
• Thesis: this research aims to address stem cells and some of their therapeutic applications, and to clear up some of the misconceptions surrounding this topic. At last, some of the shared aspects between stem cells and cancer will be addressed and analyzed.
• Stem cells:
  • Define stem cells.
  • Stem cells vs. Adult Somatic cells
  • Source-based stem cells classification.
    • Embryonic are totipotent: how they are isolated (YOU STILL NEED TO FIND A SOURCE FOR THIS PART) Provide me with the article that you find. Use fig1 from the article (stem cells myths)
    • Adults stem cells can be either pluripotent or multipotent: from the article: Mesenchymal stem cells: clinical applications and biological characterization………. (I need to talk about adult stem cells in depth due to their clinical importance).
      • The four suggested models that explains the plasticity of adult stem cells: from the article Plasticity of adult stem cells use fig3
      • Mention the different types of adult stem cells such as the hematopoietic stem cell, skeletal muscle stem cells, and Mesenchymal stem cells
        • In the article Isolation of Lineage-Restricted Neuronal Precursors from Multipotent Neuroepithelial Stem Cells they mentioned neural-restricted adult stem cells derived from the spinal cord. MENTION AND CITE THEM
      • Talk about how adult stem cells are isolated and cultured from the article: Mesenchymal stem cells: clinical applications and biological characterization
    • IPS cells: they are derived from adult stem cells: from the article Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine: Myth or Reality of the 21th Century
      • I think you need to find more information about this type of stem cells (don’t forget to provind me with your source)
    • Properties of stem cells.
      • Symmetric vs. asymmetric cellular division of stem cells. (Self-renewal vs. differentiation). From the article: The Role of Symmetric Stem Cell Divisions in Tissue Homeostasis. Use fig.1
      • And how stem cell are related to cancer formation: from the article: Stem cells and cancer (use fig 3c) to show that tumors are always associated with stem cells
        • Symmetric cell division slows cancer formation: from the article Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Stem Cell Divisions: An Adaptation against Cancer?
      • Therapeutic applications: (go into details)
        • Regenerative medicine: introduce and define
        • Clinical application of MSC from the article:
          • As an example: Talk about the stages of differentiation in cartilage formation: from the article: Mesenchymal stem cells: clinical applications and biological characterization (use fig3)

• Clinical applications of stem cells derived from the spinal cord from the article: Isolation of Lineage-Restricted Neuronal Precursors from Multipotent Neuroepithelial Stem Cells
• Clinical applications of stem cells in general: look at the ones mentioned in the articles: Stem Cell Plasticity in Muscle and Bone Marrow, Stem Cell Plasticity in Muscle and Bone Marrow, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine: Myth or Reality of the 21th Century

• Misconceptions:
  • Misconception: Stem cells are immortal:
    • Correction: They are not immortal. from the article clinical uses
  • Misconception: Asymmetric division defines stem cells from the article stem cells myths
    • Correction: Symmetric division is also possible From the article: The Role of Symmetric Stem Cell Divisions in Tissue Homeostasis refer to fig 1 (you were supposed to use for a previous point
  • Misconception: Adult and fetus stem cells are exactly the same
    • Correction: There are molecular and biological differences from the article stem cells myths
  • Misconception: Stem cells can migrate to the injury site from the article stem cells myths
    • Correction:There are a lot of conditions and complication from the article stem cells myths (highlighted in blue).
  • Misconception: The most primitive stem cells are the best for transplantation from the article stem cells myths
    • Correction: The fast dividing cell cannot integrate well into the damaged tissue from the article stem cells myths
  • Misconception: Stem cells don’t provoke an immune respond from the article stem cells myths
    • They do provoke an immune response. from the article stem cells myths
  • Misconception: All therapies will follow the procedure of MSC from the article stem cells myths
    • There are different approaches from the article stem cells myths
  • Cancer formation: from the articles: stem cells and cancer, and Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Stem Cell Divisions: An Adaptation against Cancer?
    • Shared characteristics between cancer and stem cells.
    • Double-hit mutation in stem cells.
    • The ability of symmetric cell division to eliminate/delay cancer formation.