Standard Deviation AbstractNameUniversityDateStandard Deviation AbstractPurpose of the studyThe primary purpose of this study is to determine whether seniority based lay off is discriminatory. The paper seeks to assess the significance of seniority in any adversarial impacts. In addition, the study intends to determine whether layoffs affect equity designated group members disproportionately (Singh & Reid, 1998).Research questions 1 Is seniority based layoff discriminatory? 2 Does union status affect the probability of layoff? 3 Does age and level of education affect the probability of layoff? 4 Does the rate of layoff of designated group members reflect on industry mix?Hypothesis of the studyThe hypothesis of thi...