1. Identify the mode of delivery through which eac

1. Identify the mode of delivery through which each component and element of the intervention will be delivered in the community (e.g., workshops for skill training).

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Assignment

Using information provided below, Please Develop and Implement an intervention. Here are a few idea, however, you may use idea that best fits this assignment.

  1. Identify the mode of delivery through which each component and element of the intervention will be delivered in the community (e.g., workshops for skill training).
     
    Related resources:
    Developing an Action Plan
    Putting Your Solution into Practice
     
  2. Indicate how you will adapt the intervention or "best practice" to fit the needs and context of your community (e.g., differences in resources, cultural values, competence, language).
     
    Related resources:
    Adapting Community Interventions for Different Cultures and Communities
    Designing Community Interventions
      
  3. Develop an action plan for the intervention.Include:
    1. What specific change or aspect of the intervention will occur?
    2. Who will carry it out?
    3. When the intervention will be implemented or how long it will be maintained?
    4. Resources (money and staff) needed/ available?
    5. Who should know what about this?
       
      Related resources:
      Developing an Action Plan
       
  4. Pilot-test the intervention on a small scale.Determine how to:
    1. Test the intervention and with whom
    2. Assess the quality of implementation of the intervention
    3. Assess results and consequences or side effects
    4. Collect and use feedback to adapt and improve the intervention
       
  5. Implement the intervention, and monitor and evaluate the process (e.g., quality of implementation, satisfaction) and outcomes (e.g., attainment of objectives).

 

Improving Use of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs to Reduce Proliferation of Prescription Opioid Pain Relievers

Behavioral description of the problem you’ve analyzed. Add details of the specific community your intervention targets and the organization through which you’ll intervene.

 

Years of liberal prescribing practices for opioid pain relievers in the United States has resulted in an extreme increase in the number of opioid pills being prescribed to patients. As opioids became an accepted treatment for a wide range of pain sources, addiction and overdose from abuse and non-medical use of these drugs rose rapidly. In response to this crisis, 49 states and the District of Columbia instituted Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs designed to track patients’ prescriptions of controlled substances, and make it easier to identify doctors who were over prescribing these addictive treatments.

 

In recent years, PDMPs have emerged as an effective way to reduce the number of opioids entering patients’ homes and communities. We have proposed that in order to build on the progress PDMPs have made, we should increase usage of these electronic databases in pharmacies, which are the last line of defense between a drug-seeker and their fix. We have set a goal of 100% compliance with the system in instances where a pharmacist is dispensing an opioid.

 

West Virginia had the highest drug-overdose death rate in the US in 2014. It also has one of the highest prescription rates of opioids in US. The state economy is reliant on a lot of strenuous, labor-intensive jobs that were likely to cause a lot of injuries. We have chosen the West Virginia as our

 

Review of the Adaptive Leadership organizational assessments you’ve completed so far (pg 53, pg 56, pg 20)

 

As with any organization, certain behaviors are encouraged as part of the core mission as well as the individual duties of employees. In the health care arena, physicians are encouraged to be cautious with regards to prescribing schedule II painkillers. Pharmacists are encouraged to use PDMP’s and seek patient information from physicians if it is not easily accessible. In a broader sense, pharmacists are encouraged to use their judgment to assess whether a patient is justifiably seeking painkillers. The problem with these ‘encouraged behaviors’ is the extent to which these preventive practices are encouraged and whether these practices have been made manageable. If PDMP’s have not been adapted into their routines, physicians will feel they do not have the time to use enter data and refer to it, and pharmacists will feel unsupported and less willing to seek out information that challenges current prescriptions.

 

While usin PDMP’s is encouraged to some extent, the pattern seems to be that maintaining normal/daily operations is valued more so than preventing drug overprescribing. Physicians have very busy schedules, so if PDMP’s have not been made accessible and quick to use, they would value the time of their other patients over trying to use a PDMP data system. Pharmacists may be hesitant (and avoid altogether) to challenge these physician’s orders and request more patient information to make a judgment call. In addition, pharmacists are less connected to patients than physicians are, which also makes it less likely that pharmacists will use PDMP’s. Our group discussed introducing pharmacists to people who have experienced drug overdose or families who have lost a loved one to drug overdose. This would connect pharmacists more to the patients they see every day and might increase their concern for preventing drug overprescribing and drug overdose.

 

Many of the problems addressed occupy either a technical or adaptive stance. Some of the challenges we face are technical because they have a clear problem definition and a clear solution. For example, making PDMP’s more adaptable and usable for daily routines is a technical problem that involves program design and functionality. Other issues are adaptive challenges because although they have clear problem definitions, they require learning and expansion of perspectives. For example, getting pharmacists more invested in the prevention of overprescribing and overdose is an adaptive challenge because it involves changing their perspectives on the issue and raising concern and awareness. It involves personal growth. Along with the changing of perspectives often comes fear. The physicians would fear losing time in their busy schedules and pharmacists would fear utilizing their full authority because it might clash with physicians’ orders. It is important to change their views of these perceived losses, however, because by using PDMP’s, they would actually be moving toward their mission, which is to prevent overprescribing and overdose.

 

Ultimately, the mission of pharmacists and physicians are the same: to promote the health of patients. Perhaps emphasizing these core values could be useful in uniting them as a team working toward a common goal (preventing overprescribing and overdose) rather than individuals whose paths never cross.

 

Next steps you plan to develop and implement.

 

Intervention Plan:

 

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